Artificial Intelligence Programming Practice Exam

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Which philosopher is known for advocating rationalism?

Aristotle
Descartes
Leibnitz
Hume

The correct answer is: Descartes

Rationalism is a philosophical view that emphasizes the role of reason and intellect in gaining knowledge, often asserting that certain concepts or knowledge are innate rather than derived from experience. René Descartes is a central figure in rationalist philosophy, widely recognized for his assertion, "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am), which underscores the importance of doubt and reason as a foundation for knowledge. Descartes believed that through the use of reason, he could establish fundamental truths that were undeniable and could lead to further knowledge. While philosophers like Aristotle and Leibniz also contributed to rational thought, Descartes is particularly known for placing rationalism at the forefront of philosophical inquiry, especially in the 17th century. His method of systematic doubt and emphasis on mathematical reasoning solidified him as a pivotal figure in the development of rationalist thought. Hume, on the other hand, is associated with empiricism, which contrasts with rationalism by emphasizing sensory experience as the primary source of knowledge. This distinction highlights Descartes' unique role as a major advocate of rationalism, making him the correct answer to the question.